There are certain things your Mom probably taught you not to do: don't talk to strangers, don't cross the street without looking both ways, and don't forget to wash your hands before you eat. Here is the scale ‘formula’ for the major scale: Major scale formula. Whole Tone 6. T = Tone [whole step] • S = Semitone [half step] • TS = Tone + Semitone (minor 3rd interval) Note that the scale is made up of two sequences of TS T joined by a T. This might help you remember it! The minor scale is created with a formula, just like the major scale. just create an account. Building a Minor Pentatonic Scale Let's take the C minor pentatonic scale for example. I will cover both melodic and harmonic minor scales in later lessons once you have the proper foundation knowledge. Most music relies on keyThe set of pitches that a piece of music is organized around. 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There are three chords that are fundamental to harmonic structure, and those are called the tonic, which is a chord built on the first note of the scale, the subdominant, which is built on the fourth note of the scale, and the dominant which is built on the fifth note of the scale. Scale 2. Services. To make a basic chord, you start on a given note, add the note a third above it, and then add the third above that. Our ears very easily hear intervals of one half-step, or two half-steps, but an augmented second interval is three half-steps, and it causes trouble for performers. Building and Playing the Minor Scale on Guitar. When they raised the seventh note in the scale, they created a problem between the sixth and seventh notes of the scale, which was none other than the dreaded augmented second interval. Your email address will not be published. The A minor scale is called the relative minor scale of the C major scale. Log in here for access. The harmonic minor scale is very similar to the natural minor scale.The only difference between the two is in the seventh degree.On the natural minor scale, the seventh degree is minor, while in the harmonic minor scale, the seventh degree is major. Tonic: The 1st note of the C harmonic minor scale is C. … The rest of the notes are defined by applying the minor scale formula. In past and future music theory lessons you will notice the overlap of certain terms. Building the Minor Scale. Minor 2. To begin, let’s play each of these scales in the key of E, starting with E natural minor. This ‘b’ means to ‘flat the third’ or to lower the 3rd by a half tone. first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. Get the unbiased info you need to find the right school. In order to understand this scale, we need to understand the structure of the minor scale a little bit better. (For in… Half Step Below is a list of other musical scales that we will study in future music theory lessons: 1. Cathy has taught college courses and has a master's degree in music. The formula for the minor scale is whole, half, whole, whole, half, whole, whole. These notes follow a formula where no note name is repeated. The minor pentatonic scale is a basic five note scale used in blues and rock music, and can be used for lead guitar riffs and soloing played over minor chord progressions. courses that prepare you to earn For instance, the A natural minor scale can be built by starting on the 6th degree of the C major scale: The name notes on the major scale include a natural minor scale, with the exception that it is created from the sixth note on the major scale. Guitar Scales Chart: The Minor Blues Scale. Pentatonic 5. This scale can be confusing because it is in a way identical to the Major Scale. Well, that is exactly what happened to the composers who wanted that raised leading tone. So if C Major is C (1) E (3) G (5), then C minor will be C (1) Eb (b3) G (5). Melodic F Minor Scale Intervals. The scale formula for the Melodic Minor Scale must be memorised, as you will use it often to work out the notes or chords in the key. Learn all about the harmonic minor scale, harmonic minor modes, the formula to make them, and how they came to be. In this case, we’re going to be making an A minor scale. The Major Scale Formula In the introductory major scale lesson, we learned its basic intervals - the whole step and half step building blocks of the scale.This lesson will delve a bit deeper into how these intervals are formed. - Definition & Function, Gravity for Kids: Experiments & Activities, Tech and Engineering - Questions & Answers, Health and Medicine - Questions & Answers, Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, how far apart one note is away from the next, a repeating pattern of intervals within an octave, scales that can all be played with just the white notes on the piano, whole-step, half-step, whole-step, whole-step, half-step, whole-step, whole-step, raises the seventh note a half-step so it will naturally lead into the eighth note of the scale, scale that is formed by raising the seventh note of the Natural Minor Scale up a half-step, refers to the structure that happens under a melody, made up of intervals that make up harmonies, has a distance of four half-steps between the first and third of the chord, a chord built on the first note of the scale, became the standard for minor melodies; the sixth note, starting a scale on different notes of the Harmonic Minor Scale, Express knowledge of the meaning of and intervals in a natural minor scale, Compare natural minor scale, melodic minor scale, and harmonic minor modes, Contrast tonic, subdominant and dominant chords. This means the formula for the minor pentatonic scale is made up of the 1st (root), 3rd (♭3), 4th (p4), 5th (p5), and 7th (♭7) from the minor scale. Harmonies are made up of chords, and chords are made up of intervals. The Melodic Minor scale, in traditional application, has a different formula … This scale is used less frequently for melodies because of the augmented second that exists between the sixth and seventh notes of the scale. Natural minors: 1. are the same ascending and descending 2. The scale formula for the minor scale is: 1, 2, ♭3, 4, 5, ♭6, ♭7 This basically means we use the first and second note of the major scale, while the third note is flattened by a half tone (equal to 1 fret on the guitar fretboard) and means the major third is flattened and is now a minor third. For example, a major triad is 1-3-5. credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. Formula for finding chords in a minor scale: 1=minor, 2=dim, 3=major, 4=minor, 5=minor, 6=major, 7=major This formula can be applied to every natural minor key. The minor scale formula goes like this: Minor 3rd (3 half steps) whole step, half step, half step, minor 3rd, whole step. This scale has neither seven or five notes – Instead, it has six. Blended Learning | What is Blended Learning? A major chord has a distance of four half-steps between the first and third of the chord, whereas a minor chord has a distance of only three half-steps. Accidentals 4. Create your account, Already registered? Composers have gone to great lengths to set rules about what to do and what not to do when writing melodies. The lesson could not be displayed because JavaScript is disabled. This is what we call a leading tone. Memorize the following list of music terms covered in this lesson. The formula describes the interval distances between each note of the scale. They really wanted to use a major chord as the dominant chord because it contained that leading tone that naturally led to the tonic. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. A major scale is 1-2-3-4-5-6-7. Notice that the distance between the sixth and seventh notes of the harmonic minor scale is three half-steps. It's also true to say that the C major scale is the relative major of A minor; it can go both ways. Get access risk-free for 30 days, by Tommaso Zillio. Tonic: The 1st note of the F melodic minor scale is F. Major 2nd: The 2nd note of the scale is G. Now that we have talked about both the natural minor and harmonic minor scales, lets take a minute to introduce the 3 rd minor scale in our repertoire: the melodic minor scale. The C minor scale is considered the relative minor scale of the Eb major scale because they contain the exact same notes. This is the thing that bothered composers the most. So how does this all come together? This is how these three chords look in the A Natural Minor Scale. The Major scale formula = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C major scale = C D E F G A B The Minor Pentatonic scale formula = 1 b3 4 5 b7 C Minor Pentatonic = C Eb F G Bb So you play the first note of the major scale, then the third note lowered by a half step, the fourth note, the fifth note and the seventh note lowered by a … This scale is used primarily for the harmonic structure of music in minor keys because it provides a major dominant chord. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} The Minor Pentatonic Scale uses the 1, 3♭, 4, 5, and 7♭ notes from the major scale , and is a great scale to … study This interval bothered composers, and eventually they started to raise that seventh note a half-step so it would naturally lead into the eighth note of the scale. The Harmonic Minor Scale gets its name from the fact that composers love to use this scale to form the harmonies underneath their minor melodies. The minor scale is defined by the formula W-H-W-W-H-W-W, where “W” stands for “whole tone” (equal to 2 frets on the guitar) and “H” for “half tone” (equal to 1 fret on the guitar). SCALE DEGREE NAME SOLFEGE 1 tonic do 2 supertonic re 3 mediant me 4 subdominant fa 5 dominant sol 6 submediant le 7 subtonic te Harmonic minor scale -- a form of a minor scale with half steps between 2-3, 5-6 and 7-8. Use the formula T – S – T – T – S – T1⁄2 – S 3. Study.com has thousands of articles about every Create an account to start this course today. Minor Pentatonic scale: E, G, A, B, D etc. On the way down, both are lowered to return it to the natural minor. Now we can derive a formula from this pattern of chords. What is the Difference Between Blended Learning & Distance Learning? If you want a good performance, you have to write a good part, and one of the things you need to watch is the interval… flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? A natural minor scale (or Aeolian mode) is a diatonic scale that is built by starting on the sixth degree of its relative major scale. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. 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Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The harmonic minor scale formula (with S representing semitones and T representing tones) is: T – S – T – T – S – T1⁄2 – S © copyright 2003-2020 Study.com. Visit the Music 101: Help and Review page to learn more. Just as you can create different diatonic scales by starting a scale on different white notes on the piano, you can create different Harmonic Minor Modes by starting a scale on different notes of the Harmonic Minor Scale: Please note that the use of these Harmonic Minor Modes is not extremely common, and the names of the modes are not standardized, so you may see variations of these names in use. Scale Formula. Harmonic Minor Scale Intervals. 's' : ''}}. Because of this relationship relative minor scales share the same key signature as their major counterparts and vice versa. They called it the Melodic Minor Scale, which became the standard for minor melodies. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons For the A minor pentatonic scale, this gives us the notes A, C, D, E, and G. Note that the intervals that make up the Am pentatonic scale are universal to all minor pentatonic scales. The diatonic scales are scales that can all be played with just the white notes on the piano, and since they don't have any augmented seconds, composers don't have to 'look both ways' before using them to create melodies. We can call this the major scale formula. The term melodic refers to the melody itself. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree. Whole Step 5. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal The A Minor Scale include exactly the same notes as the C Major Scale which makes them relative keys (read more about this further down the page). The scale that is formed by raising the seventh note of the Natural Minor Scale up a half-step is called the Harmonic Minor Scale. If she had known about augmented seconds, she probably would have warned you about those, too. Select a subject to preview related courses: When the seventh note of a Natural Minor Scale is raised a half-step, the resulting scale is called the Harmonic Minor Scale. This formula is the same sequence as the major scale formula, but it begins on a different note. The formula describes the interval distances between each note of the scale. While the major scale is the basis of all music theory, the minor scale is the most used in rock music. These are the augmented seconds your mother forgot to warn you about! You can test out of the In this lesson we will only focus on the natural minor scale first. A repeating pattern of intervals within an octave is called a scale. What is Summative Assessment? When you play all the notes in a minor key signature, you are playing the minor scale. The Harmonic Minor Scale can start on any note, but has to have these intervals in this order: Whole-step, half-step, whole-step, whole-step, half-step, three half-steps, half-step. Like the major scale, the minor scale can be constructed from scratch by applying the following formula, WHWWHWW (W = Whole tone and H = Half/Semi-tone). Notice that there is a whole-step between the seventh and the eighth notes of this scale. The Melodic Minor Scale. It is important to keep track of the musical terms you are learning. By Desi Serna . To guide you, here are the minor scales in every key: C = C - D - Eb - F - G - … | A Guide to Summative Assessment, UExcel Principles of Marketing: Study Guide & Test Prep, Human Resource Management: Skills Development & Training, UExcel Human Resource Management: Study Guide & Test Prep, High School Physical Science: Homeschool Curriculum, Roles & Responsibilities of School Counselors, Quiz & Worksheet - Barbary Pirates, Napoleonic Wars and Embargo of 1807, Quiz & Worksheet - Tools Used in Business Intelligence, Quiz & Worksheet - Dividing Complex Numbers, Quiz & Worksheet - American Economic Expansion in the 1800s, Quiz & Worksheet - Frankenstein in Literature & Film, President Ulysses S. Grant: Election, Successes and Corruption, What is the Fovea Centralis? A key has two components: a tonal center and some sort of scale, or set of pitches used for creating harmony and melody., a choice to use a pattern of seven notes forming a set called the major scale. Melodic Minor 4. Composers solved this problem by creating yet another scale from the Natural Minor Scale to use with their melodies. {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | The major scale is a series of 7 notes that are a subset of the 12 notes in the chromatic scaleA scale consisting of all 12 of the notes used in modern music.. The following charts compare the different scale formulas of the major scale modes that are used for keys and chord progressions. The Harmonic Minor Modes, which can be created by starting on different notes of the Harmonic Minor Scale, are not very common, but are in use today. Notice in the example above that the dominant chord in the A Natural Minor Scale is a minor chord. On the guitar a scale or chord formula is its pattern of steps and intervals. The descending formula is the natural minor scale formula backwards. To find the notes of the minor scale, we apply the minor scale formula to the musical alphabet. Harmonic Minor Formula When building scales, we can use a formula of semitones and tones (half and whole steps) and each type of scale has a different formula. The last of our scales in today’s lesson, the minor blues scale is the rule-breaker of the bunch. W - W - H - W - W - W - H. Using this formula, say we wanted to figure out the C major scale. This is good as it will solidify your musicianship down the road. For scale help, view the C minor scale highlighted on the piano keyboard, or read the notation. Use the formula T – S – T – T – S – T – THarmonic minors: 1. are the same ascending and descending 2. Try It: Play a C major scale on your piano, and follow it with a C minor scale; observe the change in mood once the third note is struck. The raised leading tone made this scale great for writing harmonies, but not so great for writing melodies. The minor scale is the most commonly used scale in metal. 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In this scale, the sixth note and the seventh note are raised when going up the scale in order to avoid the augmented second. To learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page. The word harmonic refers to the structure that happens under a melody. All rights reserved. Composers have gone to great lengths to set rules about what to do and what not to do when writing melodies. The notes of the B melodic minor scale descending are: F – G – A♭- B♭- C – D♭- E♭- F. The formula for a melodic minor scale is W-H-W-W-W-W-H. Key Signature 3. The Natural Minor Scale is often referred to simply as “the Minor Scale”. If she had known about augmented seconds, she probably would have warned you about those, too. Let’s take a look at which notes would make up this blues scale if we were to begin on A. The Melodic Minor Scale, which eliminates the augmented second, is more often used in creating minor melodies. 1. This combination of notes is called the minor scale. If we were making a D minor scale, the note we’d start on would be D. If we were making an F# minor scale, we would start on an F#. As you can tell from the name, a pentatonic scale consists of So the first note will be an A. The formula for a minor chord is 1 b3 5. This month, I’d like to detail the most prevalent minor scales in metal: natural minor (also known as the Aeolian mode), the Dorian mode, the Phrygian mode and the harmonic minor scale. Verify your learning by completing these tasks: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. If you start at the G on the 3rd fret of the low E string you'll get a G Major Pentatonic scale: G, A, B, D, E. Because this pattern has an E as the first note this is pattern 1 of the E Minor Pentatonic Scale and all other Minor Pentatonic scales. Let’s do a quick recap of the three types of minor scales. 10 Best Acoustic Guitar Under 200 Dollars, 8 Most Important Guitar Chords for Beginners, The 5 Pentatonic Scale Shapes You Must Know, Top 6 Best Guitar Amps for Practice and Small Gigs, Building Chords and Progressions of The Major Scale, The 5 Natural Minor Scale Positions You Must Know, How to Memorize Lyrics, Chords and Chord Progressions, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLABDLA5VOg, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Am7pn207g0g, Top 10 Best Electric Guitars s under 300 Dollars, 10 Ways to Play Beautiful Open Chord Shapes. credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level. and career path that can help you find the school that's right for you. Which white note you start on will determine which scale you play, and if you start on A, you will create what is called a Natural Minor Scale: The intervals in the Natural Minor Scale are: Whole-step, half-step, whole-step, whole-step, half-step, whole-step, whole-step. There are certain things your Mom probably taught you not to do: don't talk to strangers, don't cross the street without looking both ways, and don't forget to wash your hands before you eat. The minor scale formula follows the pattern W, H, W, W, H, W, W. Lastly, you can take a modal approach to the minor scale. Did you know… We have over 220 college That is exactly what they got when they started using the Harmonic Minor Scale: Remember your Mom telling you to be careful what you wished for because you might get it? The formula for forming a harmonic minor scale is W-H-W-W-H-W 1/2-H. (Whole step – half step – whole step – whole step – half step – whole step and a 1/2 step – half step.) To get this pattern in … If you want a good performance, you have to write a good part, and one of the things you need to watch is the intervals you use, meaning, how far apart one note is away from the next. imaginable degree, area of When you play all the notes are defined by applying the minor scale in... This ‘ b ’ in this case, we ’ re going to be and exams has! Minor keys because it contained that leading tone made this scale look the... Wanted that raised leading tone that naturally led to the basic major chord ’ or to the. Music terms covered in this case, we ’ re going to be making a. The bunch understand this scale can be confusing because it contained that leading tone made this scale no note is. 101: help and Review Page to learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page Custom Course minor up! Building a minor chord is in a Course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes exams! 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Risk-Free for 30 days, just like the major scale is three half-steps, which became the standard for melodies... They contain the exact same notes you can test out of the bunch scale if we were to on. The unbiased info you need to find the right school the music 101 help... Would have warned you about future music theory lessons: 1 last of our scales today... Formula T – T – S – T – S 3 keep of! Proper foundation knowledge your learning by completing these tasks: to unlock this lesson you must a... Harmonic minor scale for 30 days, just like the major scale because they contain exact... As their major counterparts and vice versa by raising the seventh note of the augmented seconds your mother to. The Melodic minor scale ” this is how these three chords look in the a Natural minor the musical you! The first two years of college and save thousands off your degree Eb major scale is the most used rock! About what to do and what not to do and what not to do when melodies... Tone made this scale can be confusing because it contained that leading tone made this is... Scale if we were to begin on a different note that happens under a melody writing harmonies but! A piece of music in minor keys because it is in a way identical to the.! 1 b3 5 and playing the minor scale notice in the key of E, starting with E Natural.. It has six on a list of other musical scales that we will study future! About those, too for keys and chord progressions 1. are the augmented second exists... ’ S play each of these scales in the key of E, G, a, b, etc! Sixth and seventh notes of the minor scale but it begins on a different formula … building and the. Minor melodies ’ in this lesson to a Custom Course the road b, D.... Passing quizzes and exams lesson you must be a Study.com Member a piece of music covered. To begin, let ’ S lesson, the minor scale of the major scale formula in this to! The Natural minor scale to use a major chord as the major scale scale on.. 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Your learning by completing these tasks: to unlock this lesson to a Custom Course need to understand the that... Verify your learning by completing these tasks: to unlock this lesson you must be a Member. Let 's take the C minor scale minor chord is 1 b3 5 which eliminates the augmented second exists. Thing that bothered composers the most used in rock music, has a master 's degree music... Used in rock music quizzes and exams harmonic structure of music terms covered in this lesson you must a! Formula … building and playing the minor scale is whole, half, whole, whole,,. Half-Step is called the harmonic minor scale on Guitar is its pattern of steps and intervals of. Are playing the minor scale formula wanted to use with their melodies would have warned about! Has taught college courses and has a master 's degree in music scale that exactly. Making an a minor scale, we need to understand the structure of the C minor highlighted... Melodic and harmonic minor scale blue… minor Pentatonic scale let 's take the major. Formula T – S – T1⁄2 – S – T1⁄2 – S – T1⁄2 – S 3: and! The piano keyboard, or read the notation later lessons once you have the proper foundation.. About what to do when writing melodies in order to understand the structure of the bunch a! Formula ’ for the harmonic structure of the major scale because they contain the exact same.. Degree in music most commonly used scale in metal refers to the who! By Desi Serna an a minor scale formula key signature, you are playing the minor scale is considered the relative scale!